Compartment or bulkhead leakage indicator for ships and the like.



G. BLOCH. COMPARTMENT 0R BULKHEAD LEAKAGE INDICATOR FOR SHIPS AND THELiKE. APPLICATION man Dc.3o. |912. nenzwfn Aue.26,191s.

1,199,840. Pryendsept. 26,1916.

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G. BLOCH. f coMPARTMENT 0R BULKHEAD LEAKAGE |ND|cAToR FoR SHIPS AND THELIKE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.30, |912. RENEWED AUG. 26l 1916. L 1,199,340.Patentedsept. 26,1916;

4 SHEETS-SHEET 24 FWZ/365565.

G. BLOCH. COMPARTMENT OR BULKHEAD LEAKAGE INDICATOR FOR SHIPS AND THELIKE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.30. |912. RENEWED AUG. 26. I9I6.

Patented Sept. 26, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

G. BLOCH. COMPARTMENT OR BULKHEAD LEAKAGE INDICATOR FOR SHIPS AND THELIKE.

APPLICATION FILED 0120.30, 1912. RENEWED AUG. 2G. 1916.

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UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIcE.

I GEORGE BLOCH, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

COMPARTMENT OR BULKHEAD LEAKAGE INDICATOR FOR SHIPS AND THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 26, 1916.

Application filed December 30, 1912, Serial No. 739,200. Renewed August26, 1916. Serial No. 117,078.

To all whom it may concern.' t

'Be it known that I, GEORGE BLOCH, re-

siding at Milwaukee, l/Visconsin, subject of the 'Emperor of Germany,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Compartment or BulkheadLeakage Indicators for Ships and the like, of which the following is aspecification.

` I have made use of 'such well known instru- Aments as/the hot-wirecurrent meter, ampieter, voltmeter and other such/,apparatus essentialto electric circuits lincohmmon.l

My invention consists primarily v in installing in the variouscompartments of vessels, andA the like, considered water-tightcompartments.l or bulkheads, rcsistances of known capacity, preferablyinseries electrically connected in common with suitable current meters,preferably hot-wire current meters, hereafter spoken of asindicators,

vsituated on a switchboard located in the 'chart room orl othersuitableplace within the proximity of the navigating bridge, admittingr readyaccess to the oflicers thereon.

T he above mentioned` indicators have their scales graduated in equaldivisions of standard measurement for each of the suc-Y cessivecompartments or bulkheads, commencing with the lowest orv first from thekeelson of the ship, and continuing upward to include the whole of thecompartments situated immediately above between decks for a suitabledistance above water. It will be'understood that the adjoiningcompartments on each successive deck are in no way connected with eachother by my invention; but only those. immediately below and above. Ifit is necessary to include adjacent compartments on the successive decksthey must be wired in a similar manner sepa ratcly to the switchboard.

Modifications may be variously employed without departing from thespirit 0f the invention, and will of necessity be governed by theparticular construction and internal subdivision or multiple subdivisionof the ship. v

As previously mentioned, and by way of example only, I have included thedouble bottoms of the vessel as constituting my first or lowestcompartment.

For each` of the successive compartments or bulkheads situatedimmediately and horizontally above each other, or otherwise disposed, Ihave provided a small incandescent lamp, located adjacent to theindicator scale on the switchboard, coinciding with the depth of thesaid compartment, and in metallic connection with an velastic pulsat ingdiaphragm, secured to the 'underside of each deck, or the like, in eachcompartment or bulkhead, so that on any one or more becoming flooded totheir capacity, the inertia'of the incoming Water impels the elasticdiaphragm inward making contact, which closes an electrical circuitlighting the above mentioned lamps.

In order to increase the utility. of my-invention, I have provided uponthe aforesaid switchboard two additional or supervisory indicators,located'at suitable positions corresponding relatively wit-h therespective sides of the vessel, so that they are separate and distinctfrom the previously mentioned indicators.

The said indicators may be alternately bridged across the resistances ofany one compartment or bulkhead relative thereto, by means ofcorrespondingly individual contact springs, and the height and progressof the incoming Water at any instant accurately determined therefrom instandard measurement. In order to determine the equivalent rise of watercorrespondingA to a unit interval of time, I have provided stop clockslocated below the said indicators,

I have further provided upon'the switchboard preferably centrallythereon a signal L lamp, which lights upon the first entry of water inany compartment or bulkhead, the metallic circuit connected theretoreceiving power from a battery or generator. This circuit remains openso long as there is no water in the various compartments; but closesimmediately water. finds its way into any one or more compartments orbulkheads as previously mentioned.

In operation the current from abatteljy or power generator,.passesthrough the serially connected resistances, and the correspondingindicator or indicators relative to the various compartments orbulkheads. This circuit remains open as previously mentioned, until theentry of water which forms a ground return by the .conductivity of thecurrent through the water and the iron of the ship, andthence through arelay-which closes an independent circuit, the power of which is derivedfrom a battery or power generator, lighting the previously mentionedsignal lamp. We now have a complete circuit through the indicator orindicators, the registration of which corresponds to the height of waterin the compartment or compartments.

The specific electrical resistance of sea water is approximately 30 ohmsper cubic centimeter,-and to make a good contact with the iron of theship, and to overcome the comparatively high resistance of the seawater, I have provided two metal pipes of suitable diameter with.openings therein to allow the entry of sea water. l External to theinner pipe are porcelain insulators of intermediate lengths securedthereto, coinmencing at a suitable distance upward from the underside ofthe said metal inner pipe. Upon these intermediate porcelain insulatorsare spiral grooves, in which the metallic resistances arecorrespondingly wound, the whole being housed within an external metalpipe suitably perforated in like manner to the internal pipe,and securedto the vertical side of the compartment or bulkhead by a strapencircling the said external pipe, or other suitable fastening,

Within the space provided as previously explained, between the undersideof the lower porcelain insulator, and that of the internal pipe, andsecured to the latter; but insulated therefrom, I. have provided a metalring in electrical contact with the lower terminal of the resistances ofthe compartments, of diameter somewhat less than the external pipe orhousing, this ring which is also co nected with the upper terminal ofthe gdjacent lower resistance, serves by reason of its relatively largearea as a collector of the current passing from the resistance to thecollector, and through the Water to the external or ounded pipe securedto the vertical side ogxthe compart-l ment or bulkhead.

It will be readily understood, that immediately the water entering thecompartment comes in contact with this ring a closed circuit is formed,and as the Water rises in the compartment and also within the housingand internal pipe through the openings provided, surrounding theresistance therein, the current'from the resistance has two ways of agrounded return, that of its metallic connection with the ring aspreviously explained, and through the water directly to the external andgrounded pipe, secured to the vertical side of the compartment orbulkhead.

As the water increases in height the resistance of the metallic line toaHow of electric current varies, and the pitch of the resistances, or thenumber of spiral windings per unit length, may be made relative theretoin accordance with the fundamental principle of electrical laws.

The contact springs are mounted flush with the outer surface of anysuitable insulation, and are commonly known as' jack strips, detachablysecured to the front of the switchboard below the indicators. Thesprings or jacks per strip may consist of any convenient numbercorresponding to the various compartments of the veel, and numericallydesignated in like manner to the indicators above.-

A plug and plug seat are located below the previously mentioned jackstrips, to the tip and sleeve of the former of which is connected abattery and the aforesaid supervisory indicators.

The insertion of the plug in a jack numerically corresponding to anycompartment or bulkhead, closes that circuit, allow-f ing a current toflow .from the battery through the plug and the resistance of thatcompartment, returning to the battery once more through the plug andindicator, completing the circuit.

The height of water in the compartment 100 will as previously mentioneddetermine the resistance of the metallic line, and as the waterdecreases or increases in height, the resistance to a flow of electriccurrent becomes more or less respectively.

The indicator will be effected by, and will actually register theresistance, which upon the scale thereof is equivalent to equaldivisions of the compartment in standard measurement. In the annexeddrawings I have 110 preferred toshow the divisions in feet.

Although the conductivity of sea water varies with temperature and thepercentage of salt present, its influence upon the flow of electriccurrent through the resistances of 115 the compartments is so small thatit can be practically neglected. In order that actual tests may be madetaking 30 ohms as the standard resistance for comparison, I haveprovided a testing set, consisting of a re- 120 ceptacle for the seawater and two electrodes placed therein, the said electrodes areelectrically connected separately to a jack located upon theswitchboard. The plugs of either supervisory indicators may be used 125to complete the circuit, and the difference in the registration from thestandard of 30 ohms determined therefrom.

The distance apart of the electrodes is found by experiment and remainsconstant. 130

The usual apparatus in use for the measurement of the resistance ofliquids may be advantageously employed.

The power employed for my invention may be alternating or directcurrent, and in the drawings attached hereto I have preferred to usedirect current supplied from two batteries. The wiring of theresistances of the compartments and the indicators other than thesupervisory indicators, and also the magnet of the relay previouslymentioned, are common to one battery as follows: The top terminal of theresistance of the uppermost compartment is wired direct to a constantresistance, and thence through a fuse to a terminal of the indicator,across the terminals of the indicator I have shown a shunt although thisis not essential. The opposite terminal of the said indicator is wireddirect to the movable contact of a rheostat, and thence through anammeter and fuse to a contact of a double pole switch. The make andbreak contact of the said switch is wired to the movable contact of theend-cell switch on the positive side of the battery. The negative sideof said battery is grounded to the iron of the ship through the adjacentcontacts of the double pole switch, fuse and winding of the` saidmagnet. A voltmeter is interposed between the negative side of thebattery and the movable contact of the rheostat. Aterminal of each ofthe indicators other than the supervisory indicators is 'common to thesaid movable contact of fthe rheostat.

The positive side of the second battery is connected to the contacts ofthe end-cell switch. The movable contact of the said end-cell switch iswired to a make and break contact of a double pole switch through afuse, ammeter and rheostat, the movable contact of which is connected tothe sleeve of a plug. The tip of the said plug is wired to a switch thecontacts of which are interposed between the poles of the previouslymentioned double pole switch of the first battery, mechanically arrangedthat the breaking of the latter makes with the preceding one and visaversa. The said interposed switch is wired direct to a terminal of thesupervisory indicator, across the terminals of the said indicator I haveshown a shunt although this is not essential. The opposite terminal ofthe said indicator is wired through a fuse and constant resistance, asecond fuse and the adjacent negative contacts of the double pole switchto battery. A voltmeter is interposed between the negative side of thebattery and the movable contact of the rheostat. The negative side ofthe said battery is also connected common to a terminal of each of theincandescent lamps of the indicators other than the supervisoryindicators, which have no lamps.

.the said lower resistance.

of the pilot lamp. The corresponding opposite terminal of said lamp isconnected to a contact of the previously mentioned relay. Thecorresponding opposite terminal of the said relay is wired to thenegative contacts of the double pole switch of the second battery.

Both supervisory indicators are connected electrically through theterminals of their constant resistances nearest the negative side of thebattery, and the sleeve of both plugs through the movable contact of therheostat of the second battery.

In order to recharge the batteries, the negative side and the terminalsof the endcells, are separately wired direct to a power board andconnect with the feeding generator in the usual manner. If it is desiredto use the power direct from the generator and cut out the batteries asa power source, the double pole switch of the respective batteriespreviously mentioned are thrown over to their coinciding contacts whichconnects with the feeding generator.

The lower terminal vof the first resistance commencing with the lowestcompartment or bulkhead, is wired direct to the corre-Ik sponding springcontact or spring jack-of said compartment. The adjacent spring jack ofthe said lower compartment is wired to the spring jack of the secondcompartment, situated above the vsaid lower compartment, and also to thetop terminal of The lower terminal of the resistance of the secondcompartment is connected electrically to the top terminal of theresistance of the said lower compartment, this process being a multiplefor each of the successive compartments.

The top terminal of the resistance of the uppermost compartment is wireddirect to the adjacent spring jack of the said upper compartment.

It will be understood that all wiring including that between theterminals of the adjacent resistances of the compartments is suitablyinsulated copper wire of requisite size, and that only the wiring of theresistances between their respective terminals are non-insulated, andmay be made of any suitable material.

The indicators of the starboard side of the vessel are located to theright of the switchboard looking forward, and those of the port side tothe left; both groups of indicators are separately mounted upon the saidswitchboard together with their respective jacks or contact springs. Inthe intervening space' between the respective groups of jacks and theabove indicators, are preferably located the previously referred tosignal lamp, and the spring jack of the testing set.

T he color of the signal lamp would preferably be white, those of theindicators of the starboard side green and of the port side red.

The apparatus upon the switchboard is suitably designated by platesadjacent thereto attached to the frontof the board.

.Reference will now be had to the following drawings in which likeletters of reference refer to corresponding parts throughout the severalviews.

Figure l is a frontelevation of the indicators and housing, showingportions broken away to more clearly illustrate the construction; Fig.2, a partial elevation of same with front cover removed therefrom; Fig.3, a cross section of same on lines 1 2 looking in direction of arrows;Fig. 4, a front elevation of the supervisory ,indicator and l housing;Fig. 5, a cross section of same on lines 3%; Fig. 6, an elevation partin section of the external housing and internal pipe; porcelaininsulators, resistance and the wiring therefrom through its conduit; andstrap and ybolt for securing the whole to the vertical side of thecompartment or bulkhead; Fig. 7 a cross section of same on lines 5 6;Fig. 8, a front elevation of the elastic pulsating diaphragm contactdevice the cover and diaphragm being removed for the sake of clearness;Fig. 9, a cross section centrally therethrough on lines 7-8 showing thecover and diaphragm in position;

Fig. 10, a diagrammatical wiring plan of the whole device; and Fig. 11,a front elevatlon of the switchboard with the apparatus assembledthereon.

The exterior casing A, is preferably a casting of any suitable material`such as brass or gunmetal, and has a rectangular portlon of its front,removed between the polnts a-a and b-b. Within and adjacent to the rearside of the upper and lower p0rtions are webs c, longitudinal shoulderd,

' Vwsuitable material and and guides e, integral with the said outercasing. A-t the front and rear side of the top and bottom exteriorsurfaces are lugs f, .for securing to the switchboard at the rear, andthe rightangular outwardly projecting edges g, lntegral with the saidouter casing A.

The indicator arm (Figs. 3 and 5) of the hot-wire current meter ispivoted at i, on the mounting B, U the terminals j and jl, lnsulatedtherefrom in th'e usual manner as will be readily understood by thoseskilled 1n the art to which my invention belongs.

which may be of anyr smaller rectangular frame h1,

stantially large circular portion m, integral with the said mounting B.

The lamp mounting g, consists of metal strips in which a number ofapertures are formed to receive the sockets 1', of the lamps s, saidsockets are preferably soldered to the lamp mounting, and the contactplugs f, screwed in the lamp sockets at the rear in opposition to thelamps making contact therewith; but insulated from the lamp sockets. Thesaid lamp mounting is substantially quadrantal of radius equaling thedistance to the pivot 11 see Fig. 3, the extremes u, are bent back rightangularly and outward tangentially to the said radial portion andbearing in compression on the opposite lateral surface of the insulationfv, secured to the front thereof by the screws w. The said insulation o,is in turn assembled to the inner lateral surface of the flange g1,within the corresponding longitudinal recess n, of the said insulation.In front of the said lamp mounting and concentric thereto i's the platewithin the slots y, of which are the indicator arms h, adjacent to the.scales al, within the precinctof which are the apertures b1, inprecedence to the lamps s. The said plate is secured to the outersurface ofthe inner flange g1, in the recess o1, of the casing A, by thescrews z, threaded for reception wlthin the adjoining holes of theinsulation fv.

rEhe cover C, (Figs. 3 and 5) concentric to the plate .'v, is preferablyof the same material as the cas1ng A, of depth relatively correspondingto the projecting edges g, of the said casing A, and with a longitudinalrecess o, adapted to receive a corresponding; but reversibly disposedprojection of the outer surface of the casing A, secured thereto by thecounter sunk screws p, threaded for reception within the adjoiningscrewed holes of the projecting iange g, of the outer casing A.

.Between the points 01-01, and olli-d1, the

in recedence to the beveled edges is va recess comprising the sidesbounding the said opening; but of relatively deeper area in which is asoft suitable material el, to form a seating for the radial glassprotection screen s1, retained in position by thek substantially securedto the inner side of the exterior cover C, by the screws 1. The upperand lower terminating edges of the said frame are recessed back incombination with the inner surface of the cover C, to a point coincidingwith the limiting edges of the plate m, in clearance of the screws e.

The exterior housing A1, (Figs. 6 and 7 is preferably a gas pipe of saytwo inches in diameter and in length is nearly equal to the height ofthe compartment or bulkhead, positioned vertically therein, and securedto the side thereof against the block k2, by the straps a2, and bolt b2,or other suitable fastening. lVithin the said housing is the inner pipeB1, of relatively small diameter say half-inch, positioned centrallytherein by plates c2, adapted to receive the ends of the inner pipe B1,which may be turned down to smaller diameter to form a shoulder andadmit the prizing 011 of the plates c2, or they may be made suflicientlyheavy and threaded for reception on a correspondingly screwed portion ofthe inner pipe B1.

The plates c2, are retained in position by overlapping the ends of thehousing A1; but of smaller diameter to admit the ring d2, threaded inthe annular recess e2, for reception on the correspondingly screwed endof the housing A1, securing the said plate o2, firmly between the endsof the housing A1 and the shoulder f2, of the inner annular screwedrecess e2, of the ring d2. Adjacent to the said ring and at right anglesto the housing A1, are the nipples g2, screwed to the housing orintegral therewith, threaded within for the reception of thecorrespondingly screwed conduit h2, see Fig. 6, and the insulation 2,thereinl projecting through an aperture j2, of the housing A1, alinedwith the said insulation.

At a suitable distance upward from the underside of the inner metal pipeB1, is located the metal ring collector y2, tightly fitted to theinsulation Z2, prized on the said pipe B1. The resistance m2 is inmetallic connection with the said collector at the point n2, and alsothe lead o2, of the top terminal of the next lower resistance of thecompartments as previously mentioned.

Equidistant upon the inner pipe B1, are the`porcelain insulators p2,comprising a circular body enlarging outward to a substantially largerdisposed longitudinal traverse projection s2, integral with the saidinsulator. Upon these intermediate insulators are spiral grooves g2, inwhich the metallic resistances are correspondingly wound and sosupporting the insulators in position; although in the annexed drawingsI have shown pins u2, screwed at the underside of the said insulators tothe inner pipe B1, for

Vsupporting the same.

to allow the sea water to reach the resistance, and also in the platesc2, are apertures x2, for the purpose described.

A2 designates the circular body or casing of the elastic pulsatingcontact device (Figs. 8 and 9) which is preferably a casting in anysuitable metal; and a3, a substantially circular outwardly disposedprojection integral with the said body, screwed on the inside for thereception of the complementary threaded pipe b3 and insulation 03thereof, through the aperture d3, flush with the inner vertical side ofthe body A2. At the underside of the said body adjacent to the verticalsides are lugs e3, for securing to the underside of the compartment orbulkhead.

The cover B2, of the casing A2, is secured thereto by the screws f3,threaded for reception within correspondingly screwed holes of theoutwardly projecting circular flange g3; between the said flange and thesaid cover is a rubber ring h3, with apertures to admit said screws, sothat when said cover is tightly secured to said flange by said screws;the circular casing is rendered watertight.

Upon the inner side of the upper lateral surface of the casing A2,adjacent to the flange is an annular recess 3, in which acorrespondingly circular elastic diaphragm js, is retained by pressureof the cover B2, upon the rubber ring h3, on the said diaphragm, whenthe cover B2, is positioned and secured to the casing A2, by the screwsf2.

Upon the inner surface of the underside of the casing A2, alined withthe center and adjacent to the inner vertical sides thereof aresubstantially rectangular insulation blocks k3, of requisite sizesecured thereto from the underside of the casing A2, by the counter-sunkscrews Z3., Upon the upper surface of the said blocks are metal contactsprings m1 and n3, reversibly disposed, extending inward beyond thecenter of the said casing A2; the former contact spring is substantiallystraight, while the latter inclines downward from a point removed fromits insulation sufficient to bring it a suitable distance beneath thestraight contact spring m3, it is then bent relatively straight andparallel to the said straight contact spring.

Upon the previously referred to contact spring virtually over the centerof the circular casing A2, is a screwed hole for the reception of thecomplementary threaded shank 03, integral or firmly secured to thecircular disk p3 and nut t3, engaging the contact spring m3, incompression in opposition to the shank; an additional nut may be screwedto the said shank at the underside of the Said contact spring ifdesired, to insure a perfectly rigid fastening, the latter method wouldbe preferable, for owing to the thinness of the straight contact springand springwljlack n to that'of n in order to make it suilicientlyflexible to be actuated by the lundulations of the dialphragm j", ascrewed hole therein would not e sufficient with the threaded nut Z3 toretain the disk position.

The contact springs are secured to the insulation lby screws g3; andpartially by screws rs, which are terminals of the leads sa.

A3 (Fig. 10) designates the battery common to the resistances ofcompartments numbered 1 to 5; and the indicators D first referred to ina prior part of the specification. At the positive side of the saidbattery is an end-cell switch b* and terminals 0*, c, c and 40" of theend-cells and 08, of the opposite negative side, wired'direct to a powerboard and connect with the feeding generator in the usual manner. Theswitch b* and the negative side of the said battery connect with therelative contacts of the double pole switch d4; the coinciding contactse* with the feeding generator cutting out the battery as a power sourcewhen making with the switch d4. The positive adjacent contact of thelatter switch is wired to a fuse f* thence through an ammeter g* tofixed contact It* of rheostat h5; and movable contact i* of same toterminal j* of the indicator D. The opposite terminal j of saidindicator is connected to fuse c, resistance l* and top terminal ofresistance m of compartment number 5. The latter terminal of theforegoing resistance is also connected direct to the spring jack n* ofthe switchboard C3; the adjacent spring jack a5 of compartment number 5to the top terminal of resistance m". of compartment number 4; and lowerterminal of resistance m4 with the top terminal of resistance m5,'

of compartment 4. is process is the same for each compartment, except,that in a similar manner to compartment number 5; the lower terminal ofresistance m8 is connected direct with the spring 'ack n.

The negative side of the double pole switch d, is wired to fuse o* andWinding p* of relato ground.

etween the terminals of the adjacent resistances m* to ma, is the metalring collector r4; and the ground return .s4 through the iron of theship when water makes contact p", borne by the shank o" in with the saidrin r* and sides t* of compartments 1 to 5. etween the negative side ofthe battery As and the contact z" of rheostat h5; and terminal 7" ofindicator D are the leads u* and u of the voltmeter fv.

Bs designates the second batte common to the plug F, supervisoindlcators E, testing set G, pilot lamp and indicator lamps s; and fw,w", '10 and w", terminals of the 'end cells of the positive side; andlws of the negative side of the said battery, wired to a power board andconnect with a feeding generator in the usual manner. The switch a andthe negative side of the said battery connect with the relative contactsof the double pole switch b the coinciding contacts b connect with thefeeding generators cutting out the battery as a power source when makingwith the switch b". The positive adjacent contact of the latter switchis wired to a fuse d thence through an ammeter e9 to fixed contact f ofthe rheostat g,' and movable contact la. of same to sleeve of plug i".

The tip of the plug F, is wired to the switch j which is in realityinterposed between the contacts of the double pole switch d* of batteryA, mechanically arranged that the breaking of the latter makes with thepreceding one, and vice versa. The

relative contact of the said switch j is wired to terminal lf:9 E: theopposite terminal l of same to fuse m0.' and resistance 0 joined to leadcommon to terminals p9 of the lamps s.

Between the terminal f of the rheostat g" and the ammeter e", is aswitchn9 wired common to terminal of straight contact sprin m3 of thediaphragm contact device 1 of compartments 1 to 5.

The negative side of the battery B3 connects with the like contacts ofswitch b, through fuse g to terminal of resistance o9 common toterminals p9 of lamps 8,' and also to contact r9 of armature s of therelay. The opposite contact t of the said armature connects with thepilot lamp H and thence joined to the lead common to the contact springsms of the diaphragms A1 between the switch a9 and terminal m3 ofcompartment number 5.

Between the negative side of the battery and the sleeve 9 of the plug F,is joined the leads of the voltmeter u". The contact springs n3 ofcompartments 1 to 5 are separately wired to the corresponding oppositetermmals, of the lamps s.

Cs designates the jack mounting on the front of the switchboard; and nand n the spring jack of the testing set G; f1 and f are the leads tothe electrodes g1 and gu of the receptacle 11.1.

The supervisor indicators E of the starboard side o the vessel areelectrically connected to those of the port through the lead a of theconstant resistance o9 nearest the negative side of the battery B3; thesleeve of both plugs F through leads b1 of the movable contact h of therheostat 99,' the lamps s throu h lead 01 common to terminals p thereoand indicators D through lead d10 joined to wiring between of thesupervisory indicator'- terminals j* of indicator D and i* of rheoingthe switchboard; R the relay; H the pilot lamp; N the jack of thetesting set G; T the stop clocks; F the plugs of the supervisoryindicators E; b* the end-cell switch and h5 the rheostat of battery A3;a9 the end-cell switch and gf the rheostat of battery B3; d* the doublepole switch of battery A3 and j9 the interposed switch of battery B3; na switch and b the double pole switch of battery B3; M the fuses ofbattery circuit A3 and O the fuses of battery circuit B3; S the fuse ofilluminating lamps L and Y the switch of same not shown in Fig. 10; Uthe plug socket of the testing set (l and P the designation plateslocatedbelow the various apparatus.

lVhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent in the UnitedStates is:

In an electrically operated watertight compartment leakage indicatorsystem for ships, the combination with a housing formed with arectangular portion of its front removed; rightangularly outwardlydisposed projections at the upper and lower edges oppositely to theinwardly projecting edges of the remaining front portion; a plurality ofwebs c, integral and adjacent to the rear side of the upper and lowerinner surfaces; longitudinal shoulder d, integral with the said innerrear side, and guides e, integral with the inner upper and lowersurfaces of the said housing; insulation vv having a recess assembled toinner side of the inwardly projecting edges of the said front openingwithin said recess; means for securing said insulation where described;a lalnp mounting q, consisting of a plurality of metal strips ofconcavo-convex shape, the extremes bent back right-angularly andoutwardly relative to Said radial portion, and overlying the oppositelateral surface of said insulation; apertures formed in said mounting q,for reception of lamp sockets r, rigidly secured thereto; lamps s,assembled in said sockets at the front, and

contact plugs f at the rear in opposition to said lamps making contacttherewith: but insulated from said lamp sockets; means` for securingsaid mounting q, to said insulation fr; a scale .1', concentric withsaid mounting (l, in precedence to said mounting formed of metal sheetof concavo-convex shape, the terminating edges of same interfittingwithin recess 01, of an inner projecting lange at front of said housing;said mounting having slots y formed therein so that indicator arms h,may circumferentially adjust themselves therein and apertures formedbefore said lamps, means for securing said mounting to said housing; adetachable cover of partially concavo-convex shape with sides extendingoutwardly relative to said radial portion, and of a depth relativelycorresponding to said projecting edges of said housing; the inner faceof the said cover having a recess o to receive a correspondinginterfitting projection of the said housing; said cover having a sightopening the limiting edges of the front thereof being partially beveledand of the rear recessed back; a soft material in said recessed portionand a glass protection plate upon said material within said recess; arectangular metal frame adapted to overlie limiting edges of said glassplate, retaining same firmly in position; the upper and lower edges ofsaid frame, in combination with the inner surface of said cover, to apoint coinciding with said scale presenting a recess, in clearance ofthe screws s; a substantially circular enlarged portion of the mountingB, bearing in the said grooves c, means for securing said mounting tosaid housing, means for seem'- ing said frame to said cover, and meansfor securing said cover to said housing.

GEORGE BLOCH. litnesses A. H. HOLMAN, J. J. CRAMPTON.

